?-Carotene-15,15'-epoxide

Description

?-carotene-15,15?-epoxide is a XIAP antagonist with apoptosis-inducing and antitumor activity, found in the leaves of Spondias mombin. In a DMBA HY-W011845 -induced rat model of breast cancer, ?-carotene-15,15?-epoxide binds to the BIR3 domain of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP, blocking its interaction with caspase-9 and thereby promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, ?-carotene-15,15?-epoxide significantly downregulates the expression of BCL-2, COX-2, and TNF-? in tumor tissues, reduces MDA levels, increases catalase activity, and modulates serum levels of LDH, ALP, and ALT, demonstrating strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic protective effects. ?-carotene-15,15?-epoxide may be used in research on inflammation-related conditions and cancers such as breast cancer.