D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate

Description

D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an anti-biofilm agent that targets bacterial quorum sensing systems such as RhlI/RhlR pathway and has antibacterial activity. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate works by non-covalently binding to bacterial regulatory factors or copper ion complexes, selectively inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and motility. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate downregulates quorum sensing-related gene expression, reduces the synthesis of virulence factors such as alginate and proteases , and interferes with bacterial membrane stability, inhibiting biofilm formation, promoting the disintegration of mature biofilms, and enhancing antibiotic sensitivity. D-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is also an efficient catalyst for the salt-induced peptide formation SIPF reaction, which promotes the condensation of amino acids to form dipeptides such as dialanine and dilysine by forming a complex with copper ions Cu2+ .